The lush backwaters of Kerala, historic temples and swarming city centre of Chennai ensure that South India offers an unparalleled journey through both tradition and modernity. Travelling on Bunnik Tours’ South India Explorer tour provides you with the unique opportunity to experience the very essence of this captivating landscape, including these 6 must-see cities and regions within the state of Tamil Nadu.
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Chennai
As the fifth most populous city in India, Chennai (formerly Madras) serves as the energetic capital of Tamil Nadu. Despite its bustling energy and lively atmosphere, Chennai offers a surprisingly tranquil escape compared to its larger counterparts, such as Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, and Bangalore. With a population of approximately 12.1 million, Chennai is home to nearly a third of the population of Delhi, which stands at around 33.8 million. This balance of vitality and calm makes Chennai a unique and engaging destination, blending the hustle and bustle of a major city with a more relaxed pace of life.
Originally a small fishing village named ‘Madraspatnam’, it came under the control of the Portuguese in the 16th century. In 1639, the British East India Company negotiated with the local rulers to build a fortified settlement, which eventually grew into the city of Madras. Fast forward a few centuries and it was officially renamed Chennai post-independence in 1996.
Chennai offers some significant places of interest, including Marina Beach where a leisurely walk along the shores will showcase the many vendors selling their fresh catch of fish from the morning, Santhome Cathedral (St. Thomas Cathedral), a serene neo-gothic sanctuary built by the British over the tomb of St. Thomas the Apostle, and Dakshinachitra living museum, which showcases traditional homes and artisan workshops of the region’s rich heritage.
Mahabalipuram
Approximately 57km south of Chennai along the coast, lies Mahabalipuram. This relatively small village serves well as a stop between Chennai and Pondicherry, but should not be discounted for its exquisite UNESCO World Heritage listed rock-cut temples and sculptures. The most famous to note is the Shore Temple, an iconic structure that stands majestically against the backdrop of the Bay of Bengal. Dating back to the 7th century, this temple complex is known for its intricate carvings, idyllic location and has a slight similarity to Cambodia’s celebrated Angor Wat.
Other highlights include the impressive Five Rathas Temple, monoliths carved out of one solid piece of rock, depicting chariots and temple carts, the Descent of the Ganges, a colossal bas-relief sculpture that vividly depicts the mythological story of the river goddess Ganga descending to Earth, and the ‘Butterball’, a huge granite boulder which precariously balances on a slope, seemingly defying gravity. Despite its enormous size, the Butterball rock has been in place for centuries, intriguing visitors with its stability and seemingly improbable position.
For something a little different, a stroll through the streets of Kokilamedu fishing village which was devasted in the 2004 tsunami provides a glimpse into the day to day lives of the locals. Here you can see their colourful houses, rebuilt through a government initiative, and watch the habitual morning fishing auction where locals haggle for the latest catch. Once you’ve exhausted all these awe-inspiring sights, a walk along the beach and paddle in the water will complete your visit to this intriguing little spot.
Pondicherry
Initially founded by the French East India Company in 1674, Pondicherry, often referred to as Puducherry or Pondy, is a charming coastal city located further south along the coast from Mahabalipuram. The city is divided into two distinct areas: the first being the French Quarter, known for its elegant architecture and quaint cafes. Wandering into the vehicle free zone, you can admire the beautiful buildings built by the French between the 17th and 19th centuries, including many government dwellings and significant memorials and statues.
For something spiritual within the quarter, Sri Aurobindo Ashram showcases the dedication to the teachings of Sri Aurobindo and his collaborator, The Mother. Complete silence must be maintained whilst within its walls as you observe those engaging in daily meditation and spiritual practices. A walk along Promenade Beach is not to be missed, with the lively waves crashing against the rocks and domestic holiday makers enjoying the sea air.
The second significant area is the Tamil Quarter, which showcases traditional Indian culture with its vibrant markets, colourful temples, and lively street scenes. A walk through the local market is extremely immersive as you watch locals go about their daily lives, selling fresh produce, spices, flowers and intricately constructing flower garlands for weddings and spiritual offerings. Pondicherry also celebrates locations such as Auroville, an international community dedicated to peace and sustainable living.
Thanjavur
Flourishing between the 9th and 13th centuries, Thanjavur was the capital of the Chola dynasty, renowned for their contribution to art, architecture and implementation of laws and policies. Located approximately 170km from Pondicherry and further inland than the previous cities mentioned, Thanjavur is surrounded by lush green fields and perches on the banks of the Kaveri River.
The city is renowned for two things, the first being traditional bronze casting which dates back to the Chola dynasty, and in particular, the creation of sculptures and religious idols. The bronze factories in Thanjavur use a technique known as the ‘lost-wax method’, a meticulous process that involves creating a wax model, covering it in clay, and then melting away the wax to leave a hollow mould. Molten bronze is poured into these moulds, resulting in intricate and highly detailed sculptures.
The second is the magnificent UNESCO World Heritage-listed Brihadeeswarar Temple, an 11th century temple dedicated to Lord Shiva, destroyer of the universe. This impressive 44-acre complex attracts between 5,000-10,000 visitors daily, including pilgrims wishing to give their offerings and tourists simply admiring its architectural grandeur. Intricate carvings are at every turn and the towering vimana (temple’s superstructure) rises to approximately 66 metres which makes it one of the tallest of its kind in India. Made up of a large entrance gateway, an expansive courtyard and several stone pillars, the temple also features an architectural marvel, a gigantic dome made of a single stone, believed to weigh around 80 tons which defies the construction abilities and techniques of its time.
Chettinad
Before reaching the next stop on this incredible journey, experiencing the region of Chettinad is not to be missed. Located between Thanjavur and Madurai, this district is historically known as the home of the Nattukottai Chettiars community, who were experts in trade and banking in the 19th and 20th centuries. Due to their wealth, they constructed elaborate mansions which sprawled 10,000-30,000 square feet and contained up to 100 rooms. The exterior of these impressive estates showcase intricate craftmanship and bright colours and are just as remarkable and grand on the inside.
Whilst in Chettinad, experiencing the astonishing architecture and equally famous cuisine is a memorable experience completed at the Chettinadu Mansion where a cooking demonstration is first completed, allowing interaction and the chance to make both mint chutney and Chettinad chicken curry. The cuisine of the region is spicy, rich, bold and uses many aromatic spices and once the demonstration is completed, sitting down in a grand dining hall to enjoy an array of the local dishes, including those that were just made in the demo, is a culinary memory held forever.
Madurai
The final stop on this journey through South India and the state of Tamil Nadu is Madurai, one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in India. With a rich history dating back over 2,500 years, Madurai is believed to have been founded by the ancient Tamil Kings of the Pandya dynasty who ruled from the 3rd century BCE. Today, Madurai is a radiant city which continues to be a pilgrimage site, attracting visitors from around world, most notably to its famous Meenakshi Temple.
One of the most famous and significant Hindu temples in India, Meenakshi Temple is dedicated to Goddess Meenakshi and is renowned for its stunning architecture and vast layout. The daily number of visitors range between 15,000-25,000 and during major festivals and special occasions, this number can swell to over 100,000. This confirms the temples significance and importance to not only the local community, but also for pilgrims from afar.
Image credit: AdobeStock
As each evening draws, the extraordinary ‘Going to Bed Ceremony’ at Meenakshi Temple occurs. Each night, the image of Shiva is carried from his shrine to join his consort Parvati, in another part of the temple. This dazzling affair of noise and colour is a real spectacle and showcases traditional dance, music and devotions.
An early morning walk through the Madurai wholesale market, which occurs each morning from 6am to 9am is a market experience like no other. Vendors spill onto the roads showcasing fresh fruits and vegetables, and what’s left of the space is swarming with ladies ladened with baskets upon their heads and men pulling carts. The meat and fish market is an eye opener but just as interesting in its own right.
Visit the South India with Bunnik Tours
The unique experiences in Chennai, Mahabalipuram, Pondicherry, Thanjavur, Chettinad, and Madurai showcase South India’s vibrant culture and history. From Chennai’s lively urban charm to Mahabalipuram’s ancient temples, Pondicherry’s French flair, and Madurai’s awe-inspiring temples, these destinations create an unforgettable journey.
Are you ready to experience this extraordinary destination? Join Bunnik Tours’ South India Explorer tour and create lasting memories as you satisfy all senses with this captivating region. Book a Bunnik small group tour online or get in touch with one of our friendly Travel Specialists to learn more about our Asia Tour today!
Frequently Asked Questions
How long to spend in Southern India?
To truly experience the richness of South India, plan for about three weeks. Bunnik Tours' 19-day South India Explorer tour offers an ideal itinerary, covering 12 captivating cities and immersing you in the vibrant culture, history and landscapes of this remarkable region.
What is the best time to visit South India?
The best time to book a South India holiday is during spring time, from March to April and the autumn months, from September to November. The weather is warm and sunny, ideal for all types of outdoor sightseeing, without the foggy and cooler climate.
Is south India safe for tourists?
South India is a safe destination for tourists. The crime rate is low and pickpockets are not common. But, as we advise with travelling to any international destination, please ensure you keep your personal possessions and valuables safe and secure. India as a whole is one of the most loved tourist destinations in the world due to its diverse culture and stunning natural landscapes, so always make sure you are respectful of their culture and customs to have the best possible travel experience.
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All images by Chloe Marshman unless stated.
